Chapter Eighteen: Vision
In 2019, according to the NIH, the most common causes of blindness are: Cataracts (51%); Glaucoma (8%); Age-related macular degeneration (5%);Corneal opacification (4%); Childhood blindness (4%; Refractive errors (3%); Trachoma (3%); Diabetic retinopathy (1%)
https://www.who.int/apoc/onchocerciasis/en/
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma
Trachoma, is it history by H.R. Taylor
https://www.nature.com/articles/eye2008432
http://sped.wikidot.com/malnutrition-a-cause-for-visual-impairment
Blindness in India
https://www.devex.com/news/how-india-became-a-leader-in-low-cost-high-quality-eye-care-93749
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2580063/
David green Aurolab cataracts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90FenXnKlyo&list=PL4A704BBAFAC324F6&index=3
https://www.reviewofophthalmology.com/article/thoughts-on–cataract-surgery-2015
Harold Ridley and the Invention of the Intraocular Lens
https://rayner.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Invention_of_the_IOL.pdf
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/itgg.2006.1.3.25
david green aurolab cataracts
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90FenXnKlyo&list=PL4A704BBAFAC324F6&index=3
http://www.indiatogether.org/articles/lwcstman-health/print
Cataract surgery
http://www.indiatogether.org/articles/lwcstman-health/print
Cataract lenses in India
.glaucoma india https://www.nhp.gov.in/world-glaucoma-week_pg#:~:text=In%20India%2C%20glaucoma%20is%20the,Glaucoma%20prevalence%20increases%20with%20age
Glaucoma
Lifetime visual prognosis for patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
https://www.nature.com/articles/6702284
India Glaucoma
Worldwide glaucoma is one of the leading causes of visual loss and it has blinded and estimated 4.5 million people in India alone.
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/services/glaucoma/book/ch17s01.html
Soft contact lenses Otto Wichterle
soft lens https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(16)00071-9/fulltext
Bausch and lomb contact https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-12-billion-contact-lenses-market-to-2024—major-vendors-are-johnson–johnson-novartis-the-cooper-companies–bausch–lomb-300834563.html
Wichterle soft contact lens file:///C:/Users/User/Documents/50_years_of_Soft%20….pdf
http://www.aoafoundation.org/ohs/hindsight/how-soft-contact-lenses-came-to-the-usa/
http://www.aoafoundation.org/ohs/hindsight/how-soft-contact-lenses-came-to-the-usa/
http://www.aoafoundation.org/ohs/hindsight/how-soft-contact-lenses-came-to-the-usa/
In all he wrote six books, over 100 publications in scientific journals and held over 150 patents. He received a great many awards during and after his life. In 1993, Asteroid 3899 was named Wichterle and a statue was erected outside the IMC in 2005.
Bausch and Lomb contact
Wet macular degeneration
A Conversation with Napoleone Ferrara
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/77540
Lucentis
https://www.businessinsider.com/price-difference-lucentis-and-avastin-2014-6
Diabetic Retinopathy
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMct0908432
NEJM 2011;365:1520-6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448182/ \
https://www.nejm.org/doi/exam/10.1056/NEJMcme1909637?ef=article
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/trachoma
Chapter Nineteen: Childbirth
Ellison K, Martin N (December 22, 2017). “Severe Complications for Women During Childbirth Are Skyrocketing — and Could Often Be Prevented”. Lost mothers. ProPublica.
Li HT, et al. Geographic Variations and Temporal Trends in Cesarean Delivery Rates in China, 2008-2014. JAMA. 2017;317:69–76. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.18663.
Assisted reproductive technology
file:///C:/Users/User/Documents/ART-2013-Clinic-Report-Full.pdf
https://www.pennmedicine.org/updates/blogs/fertility-blog/2018/march/ivf-by-the-numbers
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6593338/
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Women with Uterine Fibroids. William D. Schlaff, M.D., et al NEJM January 23, 2020
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1904351?query=featured_home “Half of women with Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas have symptoms: heavy menstrual bleeding, which can lead to anemia, pelvic pain and pressure, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms, infertility, and complications of pregnancy.” They sometimes affect a woman’s physical, psychological, and social well-being.”
file:///C:/Users/User/Documents/policy-research-perspective-liability-insurance-premiums.pdf
Medical Professional Liability Insurance Premiums for $1M/$3M Policies, Selected Insurers.
George Papanicolaou (1883–1962): Discoverer of the Pap smear
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4613936/
https://healthmatters.nyp.org/georgios-nikolaou-papanicolaou/
Papilloma vaccine and cervical cancer
https://www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org/research-profile/laureate-hausen-zur
Chapter Twenty: Care of Kidney Failure Becomes a Right
Medicare’s end stage renal disease entitlement
N Engl J Med 2011; 364:596-598February 17, 2011
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234191/
Scribner shunt
Scribner shunt https://www.asn50.org/anniversary/#!/watch*cat=Dialysis https://pharm.ucsf.edu/kidney/need/statistics#:~:text=Medicare%20spending%20for%20kidney%20failure,a%20total%20of%20%2428%20billion.
Dialysis statistics https://pharm.ucsf.edu/kidney/need/statistics#:~:text=Medicare%20spending%20for%20kidney%20failure,a%20total%20of%20%2428%20billion. https://www.asn50.org/anniversary/#!/watch*cat=Dialysis
https://www.asn50.org/anniversary/#!/watch*cat=Dialysis
http://www.aakp.org/aakp-library/Home-Dialysis/
Dr. Christopher Blagg
India faces acute shortage of dialysis units: Dr D S Rana Sunday, March 6, 2011
http://www.aalatimes.com/2011/03/06/india-faces-acute-shortage-of-dialysis-units-dr-d-s-rana/
Medicare’s end stage renal disease entitlement
N Engl J Med 2011; 364:596-598February 17, 2011
Hemodialysis – 2011
Dialysis Therapy
N Engl J Med 1998; 338:1428-1437May 14, 1998
Art Buchwald, Whose Humor Poked the Powerful, Dies at 81 NY TIMES
By RICHARD SEVERO Published: January 19, 2007
Monday, Sep 28, 2009 salon.com I love my socialist kidney
We already have a public option. How it saved my life — and my dad’s life — and how it may one day save yours. By Jennifer Nix
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-statistics/kidney-disease
https://catalyst.nejm.org/the-big-business-of-dialysis-care/
healthcare for people in prison became a right
In 1976 the U.S. Supreme court created a right for medical care to one group of Americans: People in Jail. Eight of nine justices “acknowledged that the eight and fourteenth amendments required the Texas government to provide medical care for prisoners.” Estelle vs. Gamble.
https://www.oyez.org/cases/1976/75-929
In 2006, in response to a law suit, a federal judge learned that prison conditions were “disgraceful”, declared the health care the institutions provided was unconstitutional,” and put the California State facilities into receivership.
https://cchcs.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/60/2017/08/pr_070506.pdf
Chapter Twenty-One: HIV and the Plight of 23 Million Africans
Tinderbox By Craig Timberg and Daniel Halperin. Penguin Press. 2012—.
Fire in the Blood. Documentary Movie. Written and directed by Dylan Mohan Gray. 2013.
And the band played on https://www.amazon.com/Band-Played-Politics-Epidemic-20th-Anniversary/dp/0312374631/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=and+the+band+played+on&qid=1597522204&sr=8-3
nucleoside phoshanate https://www.intmedpress.com/serveFile.cfm?sUID=7580f2bf-12b9-4a9c-840d-fb337dcb9873 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphonate
Schinazi compensation https://www.military.com/daily-news/2016/02/05/former-va-scientist-responds-to-lawmakers-suspicions-drug-sale.html
Clinton brokers aids deal
https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/world/asia/01aidscnd.html http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/10/23/clinton / http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3209741.stm
Treating and Preventing HIV with Generic Drugs–Barriers in the U.S. Erika G. Martin, Ph.D., M.P.H.,and Bruce R. Schackman, Ph.D.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1710914
The Truth about Drug Companies by Marcia Angell. Random House. 2005
CDC website
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1804306 .
Elimination of HIV-1 Genomes from Human T-lymphoid Cells by CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing
Kaminski et al
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep22555
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190702112844.htm
Washington University 2010 therapeutic manual for doctors listed drugs that block the virus at several transitional sites. We had more than 10 reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 9 protease inhibitors, 2 entry inhibitors and an integrase inhibitor. All drugs had side effects. People who couldn’t tolerate one reverse transcriptase inhibitor often had no problem taking a different one. When a combination of medications was used, the viral biochemical assembly line was blocked in more than one location, and viral resistance was uncommon. Refractory HIV however, commonly developed when a person stopped and started the medications. That happens when people can’t afford their co-pay, when they live in a remote part of the world and don’t have access, or if they merely decide to take a “drug holiday”.
HIV– broadly neutralizing antibodies https://www.aidsmap.com/news/mar-2020/hiv-vaccine-generates-broadly-neutralising-antibodies-passes-first-safety-and-proof#:~:text=A%20broadly%20neutralising%20antibody%20(bNAb,from%20persons%20living%20with%20HIV
President Bush and HIV
https://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/28/sotu.transcript/
“And the band played on” book by Randy Shilts